# Enhanced Properties of Alumina Cement Adhesive for Large-Tonnage Insulator Under Rapid Curing Regime

## TL;DR

This study improves alumina cement adhesive for insulators by using rapid steam curing to enhance strength and stability over time.

## Contribution

A rapid steam curing regime is introduced to prevent late-stage strength reduction in alumina cement adhesives.

## Key findings

- Steam curing at 70 °C produces a stable C3AH6 phase with high flexural and compressive strengths.
- Adhesive cured at 70 °C maintains strength for 360 days with low dry shrinkage and high elastic modulus.
- Microstructural analysis shows a dense, three-dimensional network of hydration products after 90 days.

## Abstract

The performance of cement adhesive in large-tonnage insulators is crucial for determining their structural stability and service life when subjected to long-term electromechanical loading and complex environmental interactions. This work addresses the issue of late-stage strength reduction in alumina cement by employing a rapid steam curing process. The influence of curing temperature on the phase composition and microstructure of the hydration products is investigated, along with the evolution over time of the mechanical properties, dry shrinkage rate and elastic modulus. These findings are further validated through thermal–mechanical performance testing of bonded insulators. The results demonstrate that: (1) The hydration products of the adhesive are significantly influenced by steam curing temperature: the metastable phase CAH10 forms at 20 °C; it transforms into the metastable phase C2AH8 at 50–60 °C; it changes to the stable phase C3AH6 at 70 °C; and microcracks appear and porosity increases at 80–90 °C, although the stable phase C3AH6 remains the dominant phase. (2) Alumina cement adhesive prepared via 2 h steam curing at 70 °C exhibited superior properties, with flexural and compressive strengths reaching 14.2 MPa and 112.7 MPa, respectively. After 360 days, flexural strength remained above 12 MPa and compressive strength exceeded 110 MPa. Dry shrinkage was below 0.04%, with an elastic modulus of approximately 49.6 GPa. (3) Microstructural analysis revealed that the hydration products of the cured adhesive were predominantly C3AH6 and AH3, exhibiting stable structures. After 90 days, porosity decreased to 3.56%, with the C3AH6 and AH3 gels tightly enveloping the aggregates and forming a dense, three-dimensional network structure. (4) All bonded insulators successfully passed thermomechanical performance tests. Therefore, this work can provide a good way to prepare a high-performance cement adhesive for insulators.