# Differential Glycosylation Patterns in Parkinson’s Disease: Emphasis on Male-Specific Changes Identified via HILIC-LC-MS

## TL;DR

This study identifies unique glycosylation patterns in male Parkinson’s patients, which could help in early detection and monitoring of the disease.

## Contribution

The study reveals male-specific glycosylation changes in Parkinson’s disease using HILIC-LC-MS.

## Key findings

- Male PD patients show increased high-mannose glycans and reduced mono-sialylated glycans.
- ROC analysis shows M5 and M6 glycans have AUC values of 0.71 and 0.85 for distinguishing PD from healthy states.
- Glycosylation patterns are highlighted as potential biomarkers for PD detection and progression monitoring.

## Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons, leading to significant motor and non-motor symptoms. This study investigates glycosylation patterns with a significant emphasis on male Parkinson’s Disease (PD) patients, revealing unique alterations distinguishing PD from healthy states, utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (HILIC-LC-MS). Findings reveal significantly altered serum N-glycosylation profiles between male and female patients, with increased levels of high-mannose glycans and reduced mono-sialylated glycans in male patients. ROC curve analysis indicates that these glycan changes are the most important features for distinguishing PD from healthy states, with AUC values of 0.71 for M5 and 0.85 for M6. This study underscores the critical role of glycosylation in the pathophysiology of Parkinson’s disease and highlights its potential in early detection and monitoring of disease progression.