# Wetting and Interaction of Titanium Melt with Calcium Titanate

## TL;DR

This study explores how titanium melt interacts with calcium titanate, focusing on wetting behavior and reaction processes at high temperatures.

## Contribution

The paper reveals how titanium melt wets and reacts with calcium titanate substrates under varying temperatures and compositions.

## Key findings

- Titanium melt poorly wets CaTiO3 substrates at temperatures just above the melting point.
- The contact angle and reaction onset temperature depend on the composition and porosity of CaTiO3 powders.
- At reaction onset, titanium rapidly penetrates the substrate and may expel a Ca-Ti-O liquid phase.

## Abstract

This study presents the results of a study of the reaction interaction and contact angle during contact between a titanium melt and a calcium metatitanate substrate. It is shown that at temperatures slightly above the melting point, the titanium melt poorly wets the CaTiO3 substrate surface. The contact angle and the onset temperature of active reaction vary depending on the fractional composition of the CaTiO3 powders from which the substrates are made and their porosity. Under isothermal holding conditions below the onset temperature of active reaction, the contact angle changes insignificantly. At the onset temperature of the reaction interaction, after a short stabilization period of the contact angle, the reaction leads to rapid penetration of the molten droplet into the depth of the CaTiO3 substrate and, in some cases, to the expulsion of a Ca-Ti-O liquid phase from the reaction zone. The interaction of titanium melt with calcium titanate is accompanied by a series of physicochemical reactions associated with the reaction interaction, which intensifies with increasing temperature and causes the restoration of calcium to a metallic state and the dissolution of oxygen in the titanium melt, as well as the formation of a liquid Ca-Ti-O layer in the transition zone.