# Impact of Proximal Conjoint Tendon Injury on Return to Play in the BF–ST Complex: A Prospective MRI-Based Study

## TL;DR

This study shows that injuries to a specific tendon in the hamstring area significantly delay athletes' return to play, especially when both sides are affected.

## Contribution

The study introduces an MRI-based classification system that improves prognosis prediction for hamstring injuries.

## Key findings

- Full-layer CT injuries require significantly longer recovery times than isolated BFLH or ST injuries.
- Bilateral full-layer CT injuries in Zone C are associated with approximately twofold longer return-to-play durations.
- Early MRI assessment helps identify tendon involvement patterns that impact recovery timelines.

## Abstract

Background/Objectives: Proximal hamstring injuries involving the biceps femoris–semitendinosus (BF–ST) conjoint tendon (CT) often exhibit delayed healing, yet the prognostic significance of CT involvement and intratendinous injury morphology has not been fully clarified. This study aimed to determine whether full-layer CT injury, particularly bilateral involvement in Zone C, prolongs return-to-play (RTP) in competitive rugby athletes. Methods: This prospective study evaluated 41 university rugby players with acute BF–ST complex injuries using clinical examination, ultrasonography, and MRI. Injuries were classified by Type (I: full-layer CT; II: BFLH-only; III: ST-only), Zone (A–E), and Grade (0–3). RTP was defined as unrestricted return to team training or match play. Group differences were analyzed using ANOVA or non-parametric tests with appropriate post hoc corrections. Results: Type I injuries required significantly longer RTP (11.4 ± 4.8 weeks) than Type II (5.3 ± 2.4 weeks) and Type III (4.0 ± 1.7 weeks), confirming the strong impact of CT involvement on prognosis. In Zone C, bilateral full-layer CT involvement was associated with an approximately twofold longer RTP duration compared with unilateral BFLH-side injuries, indicating that intratendinous tissue disruption influences recovery. These findings highlight the importance of early MRI-based assessment to identify clinically relevant tendon involvement patterns. Conclusions: Full-layer CT injuries, particularly bilateral intratendinous patterns in Zone C, markedly prolong RTP compared with isolated BFLH or ST injuries. An MRI-based classification incorporating injury type, zone, and extent of CT involvement provides clinically valuable prognostic information and may enhance RTP decision-making.