# Polarization-Independent and Electrically Tunable Polymerized Liquid Crystal Optical Elements

## TL;DR

This paper introduces laser-written optical elements made from liquid crystals that work with any light polarization and can be electrically adjusted for dynamic imaging.

## Contribution

The novel contribution is the development of polarization-independent and electrically tunable liquid crystal optical elements using two-photon polymerization.

## Key findings

- Polarization-independent diffractive optical elements were fabricated using stacked configurations.
- The optical elements support dynamic imaging with vari-focal functionality for enhanced depth perception.
- The design is suitable for immersive displays and adaptive optics due to its compact and efficient nature.

## Abstract

In this paper, we demonstrate laser-written polymerized
liquid
crystal (LC) diffractive-optical elements that combine polarization-independent
operation with real-time electro-optic tuning. The study explores
the design, simulation, fabrication, and characterization of several
different polarization-independent optical elements, including diffraction
gratings, Fresnel zone plates, and holograms. Leveraging two-photon
polymerization direct laser writing, these polarization-independent
diffractive optic elements were realized through stacked configurations,
ensuring functionality even for unpolarized light conditions. The
tunable and switchable nature of these LC optical elements supports
dynamic imaging capabilities, including vari-focal functionality,
allowing multiple focal planes for enhanced depth perception. The
polarization-independent and vari-focal properties make these optical
components highly desirable for next-generation applications in immersive
display systems, addressing challenges such as compact form factor
and visual fatigue. Additionally, the thin, lightweight design and
high optical efficiency of these elements make them highly desirable
for integration into adaptive optics, holographic displays, and other
advanced optical technologies.