# Reduce the risk of microbial activity and cytotoxicity by Adansonia digitata pulp extract grown under the semi arid conditions of Sudan

## TL;DR

This study explores the antimicrobial and anticancer potential of Adansonia digitata pulp extract from Sudan, showing it can replace chemical products.

## Contribution

The novelty lies in evaluating the extract's antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties under semi-arid Sudanese conditions.

## Key findings

- Adansonia digitata pulp extract showed antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi.
- The extract exhibited cytotoxic effects on six cancer cell lines.
- Polyphenol compounds in the extract were identified using HPLC.

## Abstract

Sudan is rich country for natural products like Adansonia digitata is locally name Gongolase and Tabldy, this plant has gained an interest for study because have many therapeutic benefits and low side effects and have high demand in the world market and is expected to be replace chemical products. Plant pulp extracts contain chemical constituents such as polyphenol, which are responsible for Antimicrobial activity and cytotoxic activity. The current studied investigates of the edible parts of Adansonia digitata ethanoic pulp extract against bacteria, fungi and anticancer. HPLC used to identify the polyphenol compound, agar well diffusion method used to estimate the antimicrobial activity, the method of dilution in liquid medium was used for the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), (MBC) and to estimate anticancer of pulp edible parts of Adansonia digitata used MTT protocol. Polyphenol constituents of Adansonia digitata pulp extracts was examined by HPLC contained compounds have antimicrobial activity to pathogenic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Escherichia coli (ATCC 8739), Salmonella typhi (ATCC 6539), fungi Candida albicans (ATCC 10221), Aspergillus niger ATCC 16888) compare with antibiotic for bacteria (Gentamicin) and for fungi (Fluconazole), also have cytotoxicity against six cancer cell line such as, Hela (The line is derived from cervical cancer), Hep G2 (a human liver cancer), A549 (lung cancer), A-431 (cells epidermis carcinoma), PC3 (a human prostate cancer) and T-47D (human breast cancer cell line).

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1038/s41598-025-30536-x.