# Novel triterpenoids from Ganoderma resinaceum attenuate UV-induced photoaging via modulating Nrf2 and MAPK signaling pathways

## TL;DR

Researchers found new triterpenoids in Ganoderma resinaceum that protect skin from UV damage by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.

## Contribution

The discovery of 16 new lanostane-type triterpenoids, including a unique C₂₉ compound with a novel ring structure.

## Key findings

- Compound 42 showed strong antioxidant activity by reducing ROS and MDA levels in skin cells.
- Compound 42 enhanced antioxidant defenses and suppressed MMPs via Nrf2 activation and MAPK inhibition.
- Several triterpenoids exhibited potent UV-induced ROS suppression in keratinocytes.

## Abstract

As a dual-purpose medicinal and edible mushroom, Ganoderma species have garnered significant interest in both the food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. To further substantiate its traditional and functional uses, we conducted a systematic phytochemical study of Ganoderma resinaceum fruiting bodies, isolating 43 lanostane-type triterpenoids. Among these, 16 were identified as new compounds (1–11, 15, 31, 35, 37, and 42). Compound 1 represents the first reported C₂₉ lanostane triterpenoid featuring a 21,24-cyclo five membered carbon ring fraction. The spectroscopic (1D/2D NMR, ESIMS) and X-ray crystallographic analyses confirmed their structures. Among these, compounds 2–4, 13, 17, 35, 36, and 42 exhibited potent antioxidant activity by suppressing UV-induced ROS in skin keratinocytes. The most active compound, 42, reduced ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, enhanced antioxidant defenses (superoxide dismutase, SOD; hydroxyproline), and suppressed matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) through activating Nrf2 pathway and suppressing MAPK signaling. These results position G. resinaceum triterpenoids, particularly compound 42, as multifunctional natural antioxidants with applications in functional foods for oxidative stress management or skin-protective formulations.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13659-025-00558-z.