# Aglodorols A–J, undescribed terpenoids with multidimensional neuroprotective activities from Aglaia odorata Lour

## TL;DR

This study discovers new terpenoids from Aglaia odorata that show strong neuroprotective effects in various cell models of nerve injury.

## Contribution

The paper reports the isolation of unprecedented triterpenoids and diterpenoids with novel multidimensional neuroprotective activities.

## Key findings

- Compounds 3, 9–11, 13, 17, and 18 protected PC12 cells from OGD/R-induced nerve injury at 10 µM.
- Triterpenoids 1, 2, and 11 showed strong activity against RSL3-induced PC12 cell death with EC50 values of 1.16–1.74 µM.
- Compound 22 exhibited the highest inhibition of NO release in LPS-activated BV2 cells with an IC50 of 22.41 µM.

## Abstract

Three unprecedented triterpenoids (1–2, 8), seven novel diterpenoids (13–16, 19–21), and 12 known compounds (3–7, 9–12, 17–18, 22) were isolated from the tender branches and leaves of Aglaia odorata Lour. Structural elucidation was achieved through integrated spectroscopic analysis, quantum chemical calculations (NMR/ECD), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All isolates were evaluated for neuroprotective effects. Compounds 3, 9–11, 13, 17, and 18 showed significant protective effects against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)-mediated nerve injury in PC12 cells at 10 µM, while compounds 3 and 19 exhibited potent anti-excitotoxicity activity in the L-glutamate-induced HT22 cells at 20 µM. Strikingly, triterpenoids 1, 2, and 11 displayed remarkable activity against RSL3-induced PC12 cell death with EC50 values ranging from 1.16 to 1.74 μM. Compound 22 exhibited the most significant inhibitory activity among the isolates against nitric oxide (NO) release in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated BV2 cells with an IC50 value of 22.41 µM.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13659-025-00563-2.