# Unmet clinical needs in women with polycystic ovary syndrome regarding chronic non-communicable diseases: A cross‑sectional study

## TL;DR

Women with PCOS face significant gaps in care for chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease, despite being at higher risk.

## Contribution

This study identifies unmet clinical needs in PCOS patients regarding chronic disease prevention and highlights poor adherence to recommended screening practices.

## Key findings

- Over two-thirds of PCOS patients without known metabolic disease had never been screened for metabolic disorders.
- Only a small percentage of patients received counseling or regular screening for conditions like diabetes and high cholesterol.
- Most women expressed a desire for more advice and reported low satisfaction with gynecologist-led counseling.

## Abstract

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is recognised as a potential risk factor for chronic non communicable diseases (NCD). Although international guidelines recommend proactive NCD risk prevention, actual practice may be suboptimal. This study aimed to identify unmet clinical needs regarding information, risk assessment and satisfaction with care related to NCD risk factors among women with PCOS.

An eight-domain questionnaire was developed based on the 2018 ESHRE guideline, covering demographics, PCOS diagnostic criteria, aesthetics, metabolism, reproduction, mental health and NCD prevention /monitoring. The present analysis focused on metabolic disorders, guideline-recommended risk screenings, patients’ satisfaction with care and overall satisfaction with management by healthcare providers (HCPs).

Of 2029 respondents, 1943 answered metabolic-related items. 66.3% without known metabolic disease (MD) reported never having undergone screening for MD. 34.3% received advice from gynaecologist, 58.9% from general practitioner (GP) concerning MD. 41.1% (n = 271) did not receive counselling. Among 1839 respondents, 32.5% reported gynaecologist-led risk discussions. Annual screening occurred in 30.5% (body weight), 46.8% (blood pressure), 5.8% (gynaecologist) to 21.4 (GP) for serum cholesterol and 25.4% for diabetes. 1.0% had been consulted on obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), 17.5% on endometrial cancer. Satisfaction with gynaecologist counselling was low (Mean 34.7), 79.4% expressed a desire for more advice.

Women with PCOS remain at high risk for NCDs (CVD, diabetes, endometrial cancer, OSA), yet experience substantial gaps in risk awareness, monitoring, and counseling. Addressing these deficiencies through improved clinical practice, education and adopting holistic PCOS management that balances NCD prevention with infertility concerns, is essential for safeguarding long-term health.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00404-025-08287-x.