# Horizon Scan of Emerging Issues at the Intersection of National Security, Artificial Intelligence, and Human Performance Enhancement

## TL;DR

This paper explores future challenges and opportunities from using AI in military contexts to enhance human performance, highlighting 12 key issues for researchers and policymakers.

## Contribution

A new horizon scan identifies 12 emerging issues at the intersection of AI, national security, and human enhancement.

## Key findings

- The scan includes political, regulatory, security, and philosophical issues related to AI and human performance.
- Key concerns include consent for human-AI teaming and the hackability of neural devices.
- The findings aim to inform researchers, policymakers, and the public about future challenges.

## Abstract

Horizon scanning is intended to identify opportunities and threats associated with technology, regulatory, and social change. Here, we report the results of a new horizon scan based on inputs of an international group of 33 participants, focusing on future issues arising from the military use of artificial intelligence (AI) for augmenting human performance. The final list of 12 issues includes topics spanning from the political (educating and training individuals to accept and work with AI), to the regulatory (issues of consent to human-AI teaming and hybridization), to security (the hackability of neural devices that connect to AI), to philosophical (the nature and phenomenology of brain-to-brain interfaces). The early identification of such issues is relevant to researchers, policymakers, military practitioners, and the wider public.