# Macrolide Resistance and P1 Cytadhesin Genotyping of Mycoplasma pneumoniae during Outbreak, Canada, 2024–2025

**Authors:** Zareen Fatima, Padman Jayaratne, Amjad Arrabi, Candy Rutherford, Daniela Leto, Marek Smieja, Mohammad Rubayet Hasan

PMC · DOI: 10.3201/eid3112.250872 · Emerging Infectious Diseases · 2025-12-01

## TL;DR

This study analyzed changes in Mycoplasma pneumoniae during an outbreak in Canada, finding shifts in P1 genotypes and resistance patterns.

## Contribution

The study reveals significant shifts in P1 genotypes and resistance rates in Mycoplasma pneumoniae since 2011–2012.

## Key findings

- Macrolide resistance remained stable at ≈10%–20%.
- Significant shifts in P1 genotype distribution were observed.
- Resistance rates in P1 types indicate changes in M. pneumoniae molecular epidemiology.

## Abstract

We investigated macrolide resistance and P1 genotypes of Mycoplasma pneumoniae during the 2024–2025 outbreak in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Macrolide resistance remained stable at ≈10%–20%, but significant shifts in P1 genotype distribution and resistance rates in P1 types occurred, indicating notable changes in M. pneumoniae molecular epidemiology in Ontario since 2011–2012.

## Full-text entities

- **Chemicals:** Macrolide (MESH:D018942)
- **Species:** Mycoplasmoides pneumoniae (Filterable agent of primary atypical pneumonia, species) [taxon 2104]

## Full text

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## Figures

2 figures with captions in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12782266/full.md

## References

8 references — full list in the complete paper: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12782266/full.md

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12782266