# Sleep Disturbance Among Nurses in Al-Dakhiliyah Governorate, Oman

## TL;DR

This study found that nearly a quarter of nurses in Oman experience clinically significant insomnia, with medical conditions and nationality as key predictors.

## Contribution

The study identifies specific predictors of insomnia among nurses in Oman, including nationality and medical illness, which were not previously well-documented in this population.

## Key findings

- 24.0% of nurses had clinically significant insomnia, and 33.6% had subthreshold insomnia.
- Non-Omani nationality and presence of medical illness were significant predictors of insomnia severity.
- Night shifts were common but not independently linked to insomnia severity.

## Abstract

Background: Nurses are at high risk of insomnia due to demanding schedules and psychosocial stressors. We investigated the prevalence, severity, and predictors of insomnia among nurses working in Al-Dakhiliyah Governorate, Oman.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of registered nurses (n=271) used a demographic/work-related questionnaire and the 7-item Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Descriptive statistics, t-tests/ANOVA, and multiple linear regression were used (α=0.05). An online link was sent to the nurses, directing them to a Google Forms survey. The form included an informed consent section, a brief explanation of the study, and a statement emphasizing the anonymity of their responses.

Results: Clinically significant insomnia (ISI≥15) affected 24.0% of nurses, while 33.6% had subthreshold insomnia. Mean ISI was 9.46±6.30 (subthreshold range). In adjusted models (R²=0.253; adjusted R²=0.152), two independent predictors remained significant: nationality (non-Omani lower vs Omani; B=−2.7, p=0.028) and presence of medical illness (B=4.32, p<0.001). Night shifts were highly prevalent (84.1%) but not independently associated with ISI. The most severe ISI item was dissatisfaction with recent sleep.

Conclusions: Insomnia burden among nurses is substantial. Addressing co-morbid medical conditions and culturally informed stressors among Omani nurses should be prioritized. Multimodal programs (sleep hygiene, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I), fatigue management, optimized scheduling) are recommended.