# Gas Quenching under Ambient Conditions for Efficient and Stable Wide-Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells with Surface Passivation

## TL;DR

Researchers developed a gas quenching method to create efficient and stable wide-bandgap perovskite solar cells using surface passivation with organic cations.

## Contribution

A novel gas quenching method under ambient conditions is introduced for fabricating wide-bandgap perovskite films with improved performance and stability.

## Key findings

- PEAI passivation achieved a champion PCE of 16.26% and a V_oc of 1.21 V.
- Devices retained 88% of their initial PCE after 120 minutes of continuous illumination.
- 2D perovskite layers formed on top of 3D films using organic spacer cations.

## Abstract

Wide-bandgap perovskite
solar cells play a key role in
tandem solar
cells, which aim to overcome the Shockley–Queisser limit for
single-junction solar cells. In this work, we develop and optimize
a gas quenching method under ambient conditions for the fabrication
of wide-bandgap (1.77 eV) perovskite films. To improve the performance
of PSCs, three different organic spacer cations, including aromatic
amino molecules (PEAI), aliphatic amino with long alkyl chain molecules
(OAI), and short alkyl chain molecules (BAI), are applied and investigated
as surface passivation materials. As a result, the 2D perovskite layers
form on top of the 3D perovskite films. The n-i-p devices with PEAI
passivation exhibit the highest photovoltaic performance with a champion
power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 16.26% along with a high V
oc of 1.21 V, exceeding the control device (PCE
= 13.42%, V
oc = 1.15 V), and maintaining
88% of its initial PCE after 120 min of continuous illumination under
a nitrogen atmosphere at room temperature. This work offers a guide
for the fabrication of wide-bandgap PSCs under ambient conditions
and the choice of organic spacer cations for passivation.