# Emerging roles of tRNA modification-mediated codon-specific translational reprogramming in cancer biology

## TL;DR

This paper reviews how tRNA modifications influence cancer by affecting how genes are translated, offering new insights for cancer treatment and diagnostics.

## Contribution

The paper systematically reviews 18 tRNA modification enzymes and their roles in cancer, highlighting seven with translational and clinical relevance.

## Key findings

- tRNA modification enzymes modulate codon-specific translation to influence cancer development and progression.
- Seven tRNA regulators are identified as having potential as cancer biomarkers and prognostic indicators.
- Therapeutic targeting of tRNA modification enzymes could advance personalized cancer therapy.

## Abstract

Cancer has become a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with alarming increases in incidence and mortality rates. Emerging evidence suggests that tRNA modification enzymes play a crucial role in cancer development by modulating codon-specific translation. In this review, we focus on 18 tRNA modification enzymes and elucidate their mechanisms of action and roles in disease. We highlight the functions and mechanisms of seven tRNA regulators that mediate favorable tRNA translation in tumorigenesis and cancer progression, providing deeper insights into their clinical potential as cancer-related biomarkers and prognostic indicators. These findings emphasize the need for further investigation into the therapeutic potential of tRNA modification enzymes in cancer management and their potential application in personalized cancer therapy and diagnostics.