# Irrigation Challenges, Water Access, and Adaptation Strategies in Smallholder Farming: Evidence From Gaza Province, Mozambique

## TL;DR

This study explores irrigation challenges and adaptation strategies in smallholder farming in Gaza Province, Mozambique, highlighting water access disparities and the need for policy support.

## Contribution

The study provides empirical evidence on irrigation challenges and effective adaptation strategies in smallholder farming under climate change in Mozambique.

## Key findings

- Significant disparities in water access exist across the districts of Chókwè, Mandlakazi, and Guijá.
- Farmers rely on gravity flow systems but face limitations due to poor water storage and drainage infrastructure.
- Adaptation strategies include solar-powered irrigation and climate-resilient practices, requiring policy support.

## Abstract

Irrigation is a critical component of smallholder agriculture, particularly in regions prone to climatic variability and water scarcity, such as Mozambique. This study investigated the challenges faced by smallholder farmers in accessing water for irrigation, explored the adaptation strategies they have adopted, and evaluated the effectiveness of these approaches in enhancing agricultural productivity and resilience. Using quantitative methods, the study highlights significant disparities in water access across the districts of Chókwè, Mandlakazi, and Guijá. Key findings include an ageing farmer population, limited access to efficient irrigation technologies, inadequate irrigation infrastructure, and the increasing impact of climate change, particularly in the form of droughts. Farmers primarily rely on gravity flow irrigation systems, but the lack of sufficient water storage and drainage infrastructure impedes effective water use. The study also identified crucial adaptation strategies, including the rehabilitation of irrigation systems, the adoption of solar‐powered irrigation technologies, and the promotion of climate‐resilient agriculture practices. The study emphasized the need for policy interventions focused on investing in irrigation infrastructures and providing capacity‐building programs to enhance water management and climate adaptation. These findings are vital for informing policies aimed at improving water access and resilience in smallholder farming systems in Gaza province and similar regions.

This study examines irrigation challenges faced by smallholder in Mozambique and analyzes water access disparities across the Chokwe, Mandlakazi, and Guija districts. Findings highlight ageing farmers, limited irrigation technologies, poor infrastructure, and climate‐change‐driven droughts. Effective adaptation strategies, including rehabilitated systems, solar irrigation, and climate‐resilient practices, underscore the need for policy investment in irrigation infrastructure and farmer capacity building.