# Synthetic Cannabinoid Use and Sports‐Related Concussion Risk Among US Adolescents: Implications for School Health Screening and Prevention

## TL;DR

This study finds that using synthetic cannabinoids like Spice and K2 increases the risk of sports-related concussions in US adolescents.

## Contribution

The study is the first to link synthetic cannabinoid use with higher concussion risk in adolescents using national survey data.

## Key findings

- 6.0% of adolescents reported SC use, and 13% reported a sports-related TBI.
- SC users had a 48% higher odds of experiencing a sports-related TBI compared to non-users.
- Boys, Black adolescents, and those with alcohol or marijuana use had higher TBI risks.

## Abstract

Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs), such as Spice and K2, appeal to adolescents because they are inexpensive and often evade standard drug tests. We assessed associations between SC use and sports‐related traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) among US adolescents.

We analyzed nationally representative Youth Risk Behavior Survey data from 2017–2021 (n = 27,482). Sports‐related TBIs were defined as self‐reported concussion in the past year. SC use was defined as lifetime use. Weighted multivariable logistic regression assessed the associations, adjusting for demographic and behavioral factors.

Overall, 6.0% reported SC use, and 13% reported a sports‐related TBI. TBI prevalence was higher among SC users (22.9%) than non‐users (12.4%). SC use was associated with increased odds of a sports‐related TBI (AOR 1.48, 95% CI 1.30–1.70). Other significant predictors included boys vs. girls (AOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.28–1.49), Black race vs. White (AOR 1.26, 95% CI 1.13–1.40), current alcohol use (AOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.61–1.91), marijuana use (AOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.05–1.28), depressive symptoms (AOR 1.21, 95% CI 1.11–1.32), and suicidal ideation (AOR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03–1.25).

Incorporating SC‐use screening into sports physicals and improving equitable access to concussion education may help reduce preventable injuries.

SC use is associated with elevated sports‐related concussion risk among adolescents.