# Tailored Individual Follow-Ups Versus a One-Day Group Course in Patients With Long COVID (Post– COVID-19 Condition): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

## TL;DR

This study compares individual follow-ups to a group course for long COVID patients to determine which approach better improves quality of life and rehabilitation outcomes.

## Contribution

The study introduces a novel comparison of individualized rehabilitation versus a group-based approach for long COVID, including the use of a mobile app for self-monitoring.

## Key findings

- The trial will assess whether individual follow-ups improve health-related quality of life more than a group course.
- The study will evaluate the feasibility and usability of a mobile app for self-monitoring in long COVID rehabilitation.
- Results may inform future treatment strategies and digital tools for managing long COVID.

## Abstract

The high prevalence of patients with post–COVID-19 condition, also called long COVID, even among those with mild initial disease, may have a large impact on both the individual and society. Disability in everyday life, reduced health-related quality of life and work capacity, strain on the health care system, and substantial socioeconomic costs are associated with long COVID. More research to investigate the effectiveness of rehabilitation services is warranted.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of tailored individual follow-ups versus a 1-day group course in patients with long COVID. Additionally, the feasibility and use of a mobile app for self-monitoring goal achievement will be assessed.

This is a single-center, parallel-group, superiority randomized controlled trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio. A total of 62 outpatients aged 18‐65 years with long COVID will be randomized to either a rehabilitation program with individual follow-up consultations or a 1-day self-management group course. The individual intervention incorporates setting goals, teaching cognitive behavioral strategies, energy management (pacing), and a supervised gradual increase in both physical and cognitive activities tailored to individual tolerance levels. The primary outcome is the between-group difference in health-related quality of life, measured using the EQ-5D-5L index at 6 months. Secondary outcomes include improvements in symptoms, work participation, neurocognitive function, and app usability, assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months, depending on the outcome measure.

Data enrollment started in October 2023. A total of 62 participants were included by November 2024. Data collection is planned to be completed in November 2025.

Long COVID poses substantial challenges for both individuals and society, underscoring the need for effective rehabilitation strategies. This study will provide valuable insights into the benefits of an individualized outpatient rehabilitation program. The results from this clinical trial will help guide future treatment recommendations and may improve long-term outcomes for affected patients. Additionally, the study will generate important knowledge about neuropsychological function and digital self-management tools in long COVID rehabilitation.