# Bibliometric Review and Research Evolution on the Durability of LC3 Cement

## TL;DR

This paper reviews research on the durability of LC3 cement, a sustainable alternative to traditional cement, and identifies key research trends and gaps from 2017 to 2025.

## Contribution

The study provides a bibliometric analysis of LC3 durability research, highlighting emerging trends and areas needing further investigation.

## Key findings

- Research on LC3 durability has increased, with a peak in publications in 2023–2024.
- India, China, and Switzerland are leading countries in LC3 durability research.
- Gaps remain in understanding LC3 performance under freeze–thaw cycles and combined environmental exposures.

## Abstract

The use of sustainable materials in the construction industry has recently gained significant attention. Limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) is arising as a viable alternative to ordinary Portland cement (OPC). However, few studies were found focusing on the durability of LC3. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis to assess the evolution of LC3 durability research using data extracted from the Scopus and Web of Science databases covering the period 2017–2025. A total of 21 articles were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer to evaluate publication trends, author productivity, journal sources, and geographical distribution. Results indicate a growing research interest, with publications peaking in 2023–2024. India, China, and Switzerland lead the field. Despite this progress, research gaps persist regarding LC3 performance under freeze–thaw cycles, alkali–silica reaction, elevated temperatures, and combined environmental exposures. Addressing these gaps through international collaboration and comprehensive testing is vital for advancing LC3′s global adoption in sustainable construction.