# Pharmacokinetics and Toxicity Overview of Active Compounds Berberine, Palmatine, and Jatrorrhizine From Fibraurea tinctoria Lour: Drug‐Likeness, ADMET Prediction, and In Vivo Extract Toxicity Assessment

## TL;DR

This study evaluates the safety and drug properties of compounds from Fibraurea tinctoria, showing they are safe in tests and have potential for drug development.

## Contribution

The study combines in silico and in vivo methods to assess the safety and pharmacokinetics of three compounds from a traditional plant.

## Key findings

- Berberine, palmatine, and jatrorrhizine show favorable drug-like and pharmacokinetic properties in silico.
- In vivo tests found no toxicity with an LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg for the plant extract.
- The extract is relatively safe despite in silico predictions of potential oral toxicity.

## Abstract

Fibraurea tinctoria Lour has long been used by the indigenous ethnic groups of Kalimantan in the traditional treatment of malaria, jaundice, and diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to evaluate the drug‐likeness and ADMET properties of the active compounds berberine, palmatine, and jatrorrhizine and to assess the acute toxicity of the plant extract using in silico and in vivo approaches. In silico analysis was performed using the pkCSM, ProTox‐II, and SwissADME online web servers to predict drug‐likeness and ADMET of compounds from Fibraurea tinctoria Lour. The in vivo acute toxicity of the extract was evaluated according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 425 guideline. In silico studies have demonstrated that berberine, palmatine, and jatrorrhizine exhibit favorable drug‐likeness and pharmacokinetic properties but indicate potential oral toxicity. In contrast, the in vivo acute toxicity study revealed no toxicity or adverse effects, with an LD50 greater than 5000 mg/kg. These findings indicate that despite the in silico prediction showing the potential toxicity of these three compounds, the extract exhibited relative safety based on in vivo tests and has the potential for further pharmacological development.