# Pectin-modified PCN-222 for detecting nitrofurazone residues with dual signals in livestock, poultry, and aquatic products

## TL;DR

This paper introduces a new method using pectin-modified PCN-222 to detect harmful nitrofurazone residues in food with high sensitivity and dual signals.

## Contribution

A pectin-modified PCN-222 signal tag for dual-mode detection of nitrofurazone residues with improved sensitivity.

## Key findings

- The PCN-222@Pectin-LFIA system has a linear range from 0.025 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL.
- The method is 10- to 20-fold more sensitive than traditional colloidal gold nanoparticle-based LFIA.
- The approach achieved recovery rates of 89.34% to 120.80% in real food samples.

## Abstract

Nitrofurazone and its metabolite semicarbazide (SEM) residues present in food products pose substantial health hazards to humans. Herein, the colorimetric–fluorescent lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for 4[(4-carboxyphenyl)-methylene]-hydrazinecarboxamide (CPSEM) detection was developed using PCN-222@Pectin as a signal tag. Herein, the PCN-222 surface was subsequently modified with pectin to enhance its aqueous solubility and stability. The PCN-222@Pectin-LFIA system exhibited a broad linear range from 0.025 ng/mL to 100 ng/mL. The low limits of detection for the colorimetric and fluorescence-based detection methods were 0.1 and 0.05 ng/mL, respectively. Notably, these values represent a 10- and 20-fold higher sensitivity than that of the traditional colloidal gold nanoparticle-based LFIA. This method was successfully used to detect CPSEM in actual samples, with recovery rates of 89.34 %–120.80 %. This approach fulfills the need for on-site preliminary qualitative assessment during detection and permits subsequent accurate quantitative analysis.

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•A modified PCN-222 was synthesized for LFIA detection of nitrofurazone residues.•The system offers a dual-mode colorimetric and fluorescent signal output.•This method significantly enhances sensitivity compared to traditional GNPs-LFIA.•This approach was implemented for CPSEM detection in animal derived food.

A modified PCN-222 was synthesized for LFIA detection of nitrofurazone residues.

The system offers a dual-mode colorimetric and fluorescent signal output.

This method significantly enhances sensitivity compared to traditional GNPs-LFIA.

This approach was implemented for CPSEM detection in animal derived food.