# Multifunctional Three-Dimensional Porous MXene-Based Film with Superior Electromagnetic Wave Absorption and Flexible Electronics Performance

## TL;DR

A new 3D porous MXene film with nickel nanoparticles shows strong electromagnetic wave absorption and flexible electronics performance for smart systems.

## Contribution

A novel MXene-based film with hierarchical porosity and nickel nanoparticles for enhanced electromagnetic absorption and multifunctionality.

## Key findings

- The Ni-PMF film achieves a minimum reflection loss of –64.7 dB and a 7.2 GHz effective absorption bandwidth.
- The film exhibits excellent electrothermal conversion and flexible strain-sensing capabilities.
- Hierarchical porosity and heterogeneous interfaces improve interfacial polarization and magnetic loss.

## Abstract

A multifunctional three-dimensional porous MXene-based film is fabricated, featuring a hierarchical porous structure that prevents nanosheet restacking and optimizes impedance matching.The MXene-based film integrated with metallic nickel nanoparticles (Ni-PMF) film with a wide effective bandwidth of 7.2 GHz, fully covering the Ku-band and surpassing most reported MXene-based film absorbers. Simultaneously, the Ni-PMF exhibits excellent electrothermal conversion and flexible strain-sensing capabilities.The Ni-PMF film integrates an electromagnetic attenuation mechanism, particularly abundant heterogeneous interfaces, thereby enhancing interfacial polarization and magnetic loss.

A multifunctional three-dimensional porous MXene-based film is fabricated, featuring a hierarchical porous structure that prevents nanosheet restacking and optimizes impedance matching.

The MXene-based film integrated with metallic nickel nanoparticles (Ni-PMF) film with a wide effective bandwidth of 7.2 GHz, fully covering the Ku-band and surpassing most reported MXene-based film absorbers. Simultaneously, the Ni-PMF exhibits excellent electrothermal conversion and flexible strain-sensing capabilities.

The Ni-PMF film integrates an electromagnetic attenuation mechanism, particularly abundant heterogeneous interfaces, thereby enhancing interfacial polarization and magnetic loss.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40820-025-02034-2.

The development of multifunctional electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials is essential for next-generation flexible electronics and intelligent protection systems. Herein, a novel three-dimensional porous MXene-based film integrated with metallic nickel nanoparticles (Ni-PMF) is designed and synthesized with the potential to address the urgent need for multifunctional electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials in next-generation intelligent systems. By using polystyrene spheres as sacrificial templates, a hierarchical porous architecture is constructed to prevent MXene nanosheet restacking, extend electromagnetic wave propagation paths, and optimize impedance matching. Simultaneously, uniformly distributed Ni nanoparticles introduce abundant heterogeneous interfaces, enhancing interfacial polarization and magnetic loss, which significantly improve electromagnetic wave attenuation. The Ni-PMF film achieves a minimum reflection loss of –64.7 dB and a broad effective absorption bandwidth of 7.2 GHz, covering the full Ku-band and outperforming most reported MXene thin film absorbers. In addition to superior electromagnetic wave absorption, the film demonstrates excellent electrothermal conversion and flexible strain-sensing capabilities, enabling integrated protection and real-time sensing functions. This multifunctional material offers promising potential for next-generation smart flexible electronic systems.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40820-025-02034-2.