# Effects of the Irregular Shelterwood System on Regeneration Dynamics of Shorea robusta Gaertn. f. in Baijalpur Community Forest, Nepal

## TL;DR

The study shows that the Irregular Shelterwood System improves the regeneration of Shorea robusta trees in Nepal's community forests.

## Contribution

This study provides empirical evidence on the effectiveness of the Irregular Shelterwood System for Shorea robusta regeneration in Nepal.

## Key findings

- Treated plots under ISS had significantly higher seedling and sapling densities compared to untreated areas.
- Most regeneration occurred through seedlings rather than coppice shoots.
- Improved soil quality and moderate canopy openings favored Shorea robusta establishment.

## Abstract

The Irregular Shelterwood System (ISS) has recently been introduced in Nepalese community forests to promote sustainable regeneration of
Shorea robusta
(Sal). However, limited research exists on its ecological impacts and regeneration dynamics. This study examined regeneration patterns, soil properties, and environmental factors influencing
S. robusta
regeneration under the ISS in Baijalpur Community Forest, Kapilvastu District, Nepal. Using a stratified systematic random sampling design, data were collected from treated and untreated plots. Results showed a significantly higher density of seedlings (16,800 ha−1) and saplings (4693 ha−1) in treated plots compared to untreated areas (11,960 and 2688 ha−1, respectively), indicating the effectiveness of ISS in enhancing regeneration. Most regeneration originated from seedlings rather than coppice shoots. Soil assessments revealed slightly acidic to neutral sandy loam soils, with higher organic matter (OM) and improved nutrient profiles in treated plots. Crown cover and organic carbon were negatively correlated with regeneration, suggesting that moderate canopy openings favor
S. robusta
establishment. These findings underscore the ecological importance of adaptive silvicultural practices for improving regeneration success, forest resilience, and sustainable community forestry in Nepal.

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Irregular Shelterwood System (ISS) in promoting the regeneration of
Shorea robusta
(Sal) in Nepal's Baijalpur Community Forest. Findings show that treated areas under ISS had significantly higher seedling and sapling densities, improved soil quality, and better regeneration conditions compared to untreated areas, highlighting ISS as a viable strategy for sustainable forest management.