Sociodemographic And Health Characterization Of The South Texas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center Cohort

TL;DR

This study characterizes the South Texas Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center cohort, highlighting sociodemographic and health differences between Hispanic and non-Hispanic participants.

Contribution

The study provides a detailed analysis of a diverse Alzheimer’s cohort with a high proportion of Hispanic participants.

Findings

Dementia rates were higher among non-Hispanic participants compared to Hispanics.

Hispanic participants showed higher rates of diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia.

Education and age were significant predictors of dementia in both ethnic groups.

Abstract

The South Texas ADRC (STAC) is the only Texas-based ADRC with three sites—San Antonio, Laredo, and the Rio Grande Valley—and leads in Hispanic participant data (about 60%) among the 36 active ADRCs. To better understand the characteristics of our cohort, we analyzed differences in sociodemographic and health conditions by ethnicity, as well as their role as predictors of cognitive status. A total of 773 participants enrolled in STAC who completed a standardized clinical evaluation protocol used in the ADRCs, were included in the analysis. Research participants were aged 71 ± 9.6 years; 60% were female; the mean years of education were 14.6 ± 3.6 years; and 59% were Hispanic. Rates of dementia were significantly higher among non-Hispanics (30% vs. 17.4%), while MCI rates were not significantly different (24.9% vs. 28.3%). Additionally, there were no differences in cognitive impairment not classified as MCI (1% vs. 3.5%). We found a significant trend towards worse conditions among Hispanic participants compared with non-Hispanics. Hispanics had significantly fewer years of education; higher socioeconomic disadvantage at the state level based on the adversity index (ADI), and higher rates of diabetes (32%), hypertension (72.9%), and hypercholesterolemia (64.3%). Predictors of dementia among Hispanics were older age, lower years of education, and being male. Among non-Hispanics, older age and being male were the only significant predictors of dementia. Different recruitment and enrollment strategies across the three STAC sites, leading to high heterogeneity among subsamples, are discussed as possible drivers of our results.