Caloric Restriction and Changes in Geroscience Blood-Based Biomarkers in Older Adults

TL;DR

This study shows that caloric restriction in older adults leads to improvements in certain blood-based biomarkers linked to aging, especially those related to inflammation and nutrient signaling.

Contribution

The study demonstrates that short-term caloric restriction affects specific geroscience biomarkers in older adults.

Findings

Caloric restriction significantly reduced CRP and insulin levels compared to no caloric restriction.

Weight loss was associated with decreases in CRP, IL-6, and insulin.

No significant changes were observed in IL-6, TNFr1, GDF15, or cystatin C by caloric restriction group.

Abstract

Intermediate endpoints are needed to evaluate the effect of interventions targeting the biology of aging in clinical trials. We examined associations between randomization to caloric restriction (CR), as well as achieved weight loss, and a consensus derived panel of blood-based geroscience biomarkers in 768 older adults (mean age, 67.4±5.2 years; 68% female and 81% Caucasian). Participants were randomly selected from six completed CR trials to provide a representative subset from each randomized group (CR vs. no CR) within each trial. Plasma CRP, IL-6, TNFr1, GDF15, cystatin C and insulin were measured at baseline and 6-months post-randomization to CR or no CR by the immunoassay platform Ella. Mean±SD weight loss over 6 months was 8.0±5.8 kg in the CR group and 1.4±3.7 kg in the no CR group. CR was associated with significant improvements in CRP and insulin compared to no CR (mean difference [95% CI]: -1.1 [-0.2, -1.9] mg/L and -15.3 [-8.1, -22.6] pmol/mL, respectively); however, there were no significant differences in IL-6, TNFr1, GDF15, or cystatin C by CR group. Achieved weight loss was associated with significant decreases in CRP, IL-6, and insulin (standardized betas (95% CI) per SD weight change: log transformed CRP: -0.26 (-0.13, -0.36), p < 0.0001; log transformed IL-6: -0.13 (-0.03, -0.23), p = 0.01; and insulin: -0.25 (-0.15, -0.36), p < 0.0001). We will also report the relationship between CR and a composite biomarker index. These results suggest that blood-based geroscience biomarkers are responsive to short-term CR, particularly those involved in inflammation and nutrient signaling.