Roles and Priorities of Payers, Hospitals, and Home Health Agencies in Post-Acute Home Health Care

TL;DR

This study explores how different organizations coordinate post-acute home health care for older adults, focusing on roles and challenges faced by payers, hospitals, and home health agencies.

Contribution

The study provides new insights into the coordination dynamics and shared incentives among key stakeholders in post-acute home health care.

Findings

MA plans and CMCs generally prefer home care but differ in their involvement in referrals.

Hospitals are seen as key in selecting post-acute care settings, influenced by relationships with MA plans and HHAs.

HHAs balance multiple factors but have limited control in the referral process.

Abstract

Home health care (HHC) provides skilled nursing, therapies, and aide services to help older adults - many of whom are recently discharged from the hospital - regain function, restore health, and maintain independence in the community. The provision of post-acute HHC is influenced by multiple players: Medicare Advantage (MA) plans, post-acute care management companies (CMCs), hospitals, home health agencies (HHAs), and patients and families. To understand the roles and priorities of these players in organizing and delivering post-acute HHC, we conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 44 leaders of MA plans, post-acute CMCs, and HHAs across the country. Analyzed interviews revealed that most MA plans and CMCs agreed that home is the ideal setting and that institutional care should be avoided whenever possible; however, MA plans and CMCs varied in their involvement in post-acute home health referrals, and HHAs tended to view MA and CMC involvement as adding burden to the referral process (Theme 1). MA plan, CMC, and HHA leaders viewed the role of the hospital as to select the appropriate post-acute care setting; however, interview participants reported that these actions can be influenced by relationships with MA plans and HHAs (Theme 2). HHAs were reported to try to balance clinical complexity, staffing, patient location, and payer when accepting referrals, but had relatively limited control in the post-acute referral process (Theme 3). Insights from this work can help policymakers, payers, HHAs, hospitals, and patients understand the varied roles and shared incentives in coordinating post-acute HHC for vulnerable older adults.