# Time Help Received During Crisis: Variations by Older Adults’ Cognitive Functioning

## TL;DR

This study examines how older adults with dementia received caregiving help during the pandemic, finding differences based on demographics and care networks.

## Contribution

The study expands beyond traditional ADL/IADL measures to analyze caregiving networks during a crisis for older adults with ADRD.

## Key findings

- Older adults with ADRD were more likely to include adult children in their caregiving networks.
- Prime working age adults, men, Hispanics, and college-educated individuals with ADRD relied more on non-child helpers.
- About one third of dementia respondents reported no ADL/IADL difficulties, highlighting the need for broader caregiving assessments.

## Abstract

Family caregiving is essential in meeting the care needs of older adults, particularly those with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). The COVID-19 pandemic further disrupted an already fragile care landscape by decreasing the desirability of nursing home care, limiting the availability of paid caregivers, and destabilizing family caregiving arrangements. Older adults with ADRD are especially vulnerable to these disruptions, which can exacerbate their care needs and well-being. In this study, we used data from the 2020 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to compare caregiving networks for older adults with and without ADRD, examining variations by age, sex, race-ethnicity, education, and partnership status. We analyzed verbatim responses from the COVID-19 module regarding time help received, creating new variables to capture helpers’ relationships beyond children and household members. Preliminary findings suggest that older adults with ADRD were more likely to include adult children in their caregiving networks, with notable demographic differences. Specifically, adults still in prime working ages (ages 55-64), men, Hispanics, and college-educated individuals with ADRD were more likely to rely on non-child helpers compared to their respective counterparts. This study advances prior research by expanding beyond the traditional focus on assistance with activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), as about one third of respondents with dementia in the HRS reported no ADL/IADL difficulties. Understanding the composition of caregiving networks for individuals with ADRD during a crisis is vital because these caregivers are likely to be called upon again when care needs increase.