Association of Aerobic Fitness With Mnemonic Discrimination and Generalization in Older Adults

TL;DR

Higher aerobic fitness in older adults is linked to better memory discrimination and less overlap in similar memories, suggesting protection of the hippocampus.

Contribution

This study explores novel associations between aerobic fitness and hippocampal-dependent memory markers in older adults.

Findings

Higher aerobic fitness is inversely associated with mnemonic generalization (β=-0.30, p=0.041).

Aerobic fitness shows a trend-level positive association with mnemonic discrimination (β=0.25, p=0.060).

Abstract

The hippocampus is responsible for learning and memory and vulnerable to age-related decline. Mnemonic discrimination (MD) and mnemonic generalization (MG) are sensitive markers of hippocampal integrity. MD reflects the ability to successfully separate similar information while MG reflects an increasing overlap when encoding similar information. A growing body of research suggests that aerobic fitness (AF) may protect hippocampal integrity in older adults. However, the extent to which MD and MG are associated with AF remains underexplored. In this preliminary study, we examined cross-sectional associations between AF with MG and MD in 60 cognitively unimpaired, ambulatory older adults (mean age 70.6±4.6 years; 86.7% female). We hypothesized negative and positive associations of AF with MG and MD, respectively. AF was assessed through the total distance walked in 6 minutes (6MWD). MG and MD were assessed through the Mnemonic Similarity Task and operationalized as the old (incorrect) and similar (correct) categorization of lure items, respectively. The hypothesis was tested through hierarchical regressions with covariates (age, sex, and education) in step 1 and 6MWD in step 2. Upon adjusting for covariates, 6MWD was inversely associated with MG (β=-0.30, p = 0.041) and had a trend-level positive association with MD (β = 0.25, p = 0.060). These findings indicate that older adults with higher AF may better separate and store information in a non-overlapping manner, implying protective effects of AF on hippocampal-dependent mnemonic discrimination in cognitive aging. Enhancing AF may represent a promising strategy to protect hippocampal integrity among the growing aging population.