# Five Aspects Meal Model of Eating Experiences in Older People With Dementia: Theory Analysis and Evaluation

## TL;DR

This paper analyzes a model for understanding meal experiences in older people with dementia, highlighting how different factors like environment and food quality affect their eating experiences.

## Contribution

The paper introduces the application of the Five Aspects Meal Model to dementia care, offering a new theoretical framework for improving mealtime experiences.

## Key findings

- The Five Aspects Meal Model effectively captures how physical and social factors influence eating experiences in people with dementia.
- The model's five dimensions—room, meeting, product, management control system, and atmosphere—interact to shape meal satisfaction and nutrition.
- Applying the model in dementia care could lead to more person-centered and holistic mealtime interventions.

## Abstract

Eating experiences significantly impact the quality of life and nutritional status of people living with dementia (PLWD). The concept of eating experiences encompasses both subjective perceptions and functional aspects of mealtimes, offering a broader perspective than traditional approaches focused solely on nutrition or feeding/eating difficulties. This paper presents a theory analysis of the Five Aspects Meal Model (FAMM) as applied to eating experiences in older people with dementia, using Walker and Avant’s systematic approach. The FAMM provides a comprehensive framework examining five interconnected dimensions of meals: room, meeting, product, management control system, and atmosphere. The analysis examines the model’s origins, meaning, logical adequacy, usefulness, generalizability, parsimony, and testability in the context of eating experiences for PLWD. Findings indicate that the FAMM effectively conceptualizes how physical environment (room), social interactions (meeting), food qualities (product), organizational factors (management control system), and multisensory elements (atmosphere) collectively shape eating experiences. The interrelationships between these five aspects offer valuable insights into enhancing mealtime satisfaction and nutritional intake. While the FAMM has been widely used in hospitality and food service research, it has yet to be fully applied within gerontological nursing, particularly dementia care. This model has significant potential for application in long-term care settings, where holistic mealtime approaches are increasingly recognized as essential to person-centered care. This analysis contributes to nursing science by providing a theoretical foundation for developing comprehensive interventions that address multiple dimensions of eating experiences for PLWD.