Age-Related Stereotype Threat and Its Impact on Working Memory in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Julie Pham, Thomas Ritz, Holly Bowen

TL;DR
This paper reviews how age-related stereotypes, especially subtle ones, can worsen working memory in older adults.
Contribution
The study systematically analyzes how subtle versus blatant stereotype threats affect specific working memory components in older adults.
Findings
Subtle stereotype threats more consistently impair working memory performance compared to blatant threats.
Impairments are most evident in tasks involving storage, manipulation, and updating of information.
Subtle threats significantly affect the central executive and phonological loop components of working memory.
Abstract
Stereotype threat related to aging represents a growing area of concern, with evidence suggesting it may impair functions like working memory that are vulnerable to age-related decline. This systematic review examines how age-related stereotype threat impacts working memory in older adults. The current review synthesizes 20 empirical studies (across 22 samples) that used experimental stereotype threat manipulations and assessed working memory outcomes in participants aged 59 and older. Studies were coded by working memory component and function, type of stereotype threat (blatant versus subtle), and sample characteristics. Findings indicate that subtle stereotype cues may impair working memory performance more consistently than blatant threats. Specifically, five of eight samples (62.5%) exposed to subtle stereotype threat showed significant impairments, particularly on tasks involving…
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Taxonomy
TopicsAging and Gerontology Research · Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies · Technology Use by Older Adults
