Key Factors in the Quality of Life of African American Parents Living With Dementia

TL;DR

The study explores factors affecting the quality of life of African American parents with dementia, focusing on relationship quality and self-rated health.

Contribution

The study identifies specific predictors of quality of life in African American parents with dementia, emphasizing the role of perceived family communication.

Findings

Good self-rated health and positive relationship interactions predict better quality of life in African American parents with dementia.

Greater difficulty in having opinions heard by family is linked to worse quality of life.

Maintaining positive relationships alone is insufficient; family communication strategies matter.

Abstract

Relationship quality is crucial for the quality of life (QoL) of people living with dementia (PLWD), yet cognitive impairment often limits their participation in decision making. This cross-sectional secondary data analysis aimed to investigate how QoL of African American parents was influenced considering life course. Data were originally collected from 39 African American parent–adult daughter dyads. Parent data with no missing values (N = 33) were included in the analysis. PLWD reported their age, QoL, self-rated health, their perceptions of the dyadic relationship quality, and their perceived level of difficulty in having their opinions heard by family members. PLWD’s dementia severity was assessed by their adult daughters using the Dementia Severity Rating Scale. In the final hierarchical regression model, “good” and “very good” self-rated health, positive interaction of the dyadic relationship, and having “some” difficulty in having opinions heard by family members were identified as significant predictors of QoL. Better self-rated health and positive interaction in the relationship quality were associated with better QoL, while greater difficulty in having their opinions acknowledged by family was associated with worse QoL. Findings suggest that maintaining a positive dyadic relationship alone is not sufficient to enhance African American PLWDs’ QoL. Their perceptions of how difficult it is to have their opinions heard by their family members seem to matter. Therefore, QoL intervention for African American PLWD may benefit from strengthening positive interaction in the dyadic relationship while fostering strategies to support parents’ opinions are heard without difficulty.