# Fall Prevention for Older Adults who use Wheelchairs and Scooters

## TL;DR

An online program called iROLL helps older wheelchair and scooter users with Multiple Sclerosis reduce their fear of falling and improve fall prevention knowledge.

## Contribution

The iROLL program is the first online fall prevention intervention tailored for older adults with Multiple Sclerosis who use wheelchairs or scooters.

## Key findings

- Participants showed a significant decrease in fear of falling after the six-week program.
- Knowledge about fall prevention and management significantly increased among participants.
- Participants valued peer learning and the program's focus on diverse fall risk factors.

## Abstract

Falls are common among the ∼1 million older adults who use wheelchairs and scooters (WC/S) full-time, especially people with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS). Falls can result in injuries and concerns about falling (CaF) that limit active engagement in the community. To address these concerns, the individualized reduction of falls (iROLL) program was developed by an interdisciplinary team to meet the unique needs of people who use WC/S. iROLL applies a self-management approach to address topics including wheelchair skills, transfer activities, seated balance exercise, management of environmental factors, post-fall management, and maintenance of assistive technology. The program is delivered online. Participants asynchronously review pre-recorded lessons and synchronously meet with a physical or occupational therapist in groups of 2-5 participants. A pre/post, mixed methods study was used to examine the preliminary efficacy of iROLL. PwMS (n = 12) who use WC/S full time, age 62+/-12 years old, 92% female, participated in the study. After exposure to the six-week iROLL program, CaF significantly decreased (p < 0.01) and fall prevention and management knowledge significantly increased (p = 0.03). Participants reported a need for the program, valued peer learning, and attention to diverse influences on fall risk. This study is the first to examine the preliminary efficacy of an online fall prevention intervention for PwMS who use WC/S. While further evaluation is needed to examine iROLL’s impact on a larger and more diverse population, iROLL has good potential to meet a critical need for an underserved population of older adults aging with a disability.