Immunological Aspects of Aging

TL;DR

This paper explores how aging affects the immune system, leading to chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction, and highlights new research into potential treatments.

Contribution

The paper introduces new insights into molecular and cellular mechanisms of immune aging and presents emerging therapeutic strategies to rejuvenate the immune system.

Findings

Macrophages can undergo cellular senescence, promoting chronic inflammation and fibrosis in aging and metabolic disease.

Biological sex, infection history, and epigenetic remodeling influence immune responses and vaccine efficacy during aging.

Sex-specific differences in microglial gene expression and metabolism contribute to neuroinflammation and cognitive decline.

Abstract

The immune system undergoes significant changes and dysregulation during aging, leading to immune cell exhaustion and senescence, impaired tissue homeostasis, age-related chronic inflammation (inflammaging), and decreased pathogen immunity. This session will focus on the immunological aspects of aging and highlight new insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms that drive immune dysfunction and inflammaging. Dr. Anthony J. Covarrubias (UCLA) will chair this session and also discuss recent discoveries that macrophages can undergo cellular senescence, adopting pro-inflammatory phenotypes that promote chronic inflammation and fibrosis in aging and metabolic disease. Dr. Emily Goldberg (UCSF) will explore the cross-talk between metabolism and immune cells during aging, and how this impacts tissue inflammation during aging. Dr. Duygu Ucar (The Jackson Laboratory) will present systems-level and single-cell genomic approaches that reveal molecular signatures of immune aging, including how biological sex, infection history, and epigenetic remodeling shape immune responses and vaccine efficacy across aging. Dr. Seokjo Kang (Cedars-Sinai Medical Center) will conclude by examining molecular mechanisms controlling microglial aging, including sex-specific differences in microglial gene expression, metabolism, and function, and how these changes contribute to neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. Together, these talks will explore cutting-edge approaches and recent discoveries in molecular and cellular biology, metabolism, and computational fields to enhance our understanding of immune aging and its systemic effects on the aging process. The session will also showcase emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at rejuvenating the immune system and extending health span.