DIFFERENTIAL RESPONSES TO AGING AMONG THE TRANSCRIPTOME AND PROTEOME OF MESENCHYMAL PROGENITOR POPULATIONS

TL;DR

This study explores how SASP proteins relate to aging and health traits in humans, identifying key proteins linked to inflammation and physical function.

Contribution

The study identifies specific SASP proteins associated with aging and multiple clinical traits in humans, highlighting their potential as biomarkers.

Findings

28 of 77 SASP proteins were significantly associated with age in human studies.

Growth/differentiation factor 15, Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2, and Cystatin-C were linked to inflammation and physical function.

IGFBP proteins were identified as aging biomarkers in human tissues from ovary, spinal cord, and lung.

Abstract

Cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, results in a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) with an increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and proteases. Evidence from nonhuman models demonstrates that SASP contributes to tissue dysfunction and pathological effects of aging. However, there are relatively few human studies on the relationship between SASP and aging-related health outcomes. Proteins from the SASP Atlas were measured in plasma using aptamer-based proteomics (SomaLogic). Regression models were used to identify SASP protein associations with aging-related traits representing multiple aspects of physiology in 1 201 participants from 2 human cohort studies (BLSA/GESTALT and InCHIANTI). Traits examined were fasting glucose, C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, alkaline phosphatase, blood urea nitrogen, albumin, red blood cell distribution width, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, gait speed, and grip strength. Study results were combined with a fixed-effect inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis. In the meta-analysis, 28 of 77 SASP proteins were significantly associated with age. Of the 28 age-associated SASP proteins, 18 were significantly associated with 1 or more clinical traits, and 7 SASP proteins were significantly associated with 3 or more traits. Growth/differentiation factor 15, Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2, and Cystatin-C showed significant associations with inflammatory markers and measures of physical function (grip strength or gait speed). These results support the relevance of SASP proteins to human aging, identify specific traits that are potentially affected by SASP, and prioritize specific SASP proteins for their utility as biomarkers of human aging. Several of the identified proteins, specifically of the IGFBP protein family, were also identified as biomarkers of aging in human tissues from healthy aging individuals (as Senescence Network tissue mapping efforts): IBFBP proteins were aging biomarkers in aged human tissues originating from human ovary, spinal cord, and lung.