How does Chronic Stress Impact Bioage and Inflammation among Older Black and White Adults?

TL;DR

The study explores how chronic stress affects biological age and inflammation in older Black and White adults, finding differences in how stress impacts health outcomes between the groups.

Contribution

The study introduces a novel approach by examining both stress exposure and appraisal in relation to bioage and inflammation among older Black and White adults.

Findings

Black older adults face higher exposure to chronic stressors but show no significant link between stress and increased bioage or inflammation.

White older adults experience increased bioage and inflammation linked to stress exposure and appraisal in health, financial, and housing domains.

Health problems are the only stress domain associated with increased bioage and inflammation among Black older adults.

Abstract

Prior research suggests that exposure to stressful events contributes to disparities in biological health in older adulthood. Yet, to understand the extent to which Black older adults bear a disproportionate stress and health burden, we consider Black-white differences in not only stress exposure, but also stress appraisal—how upsetting the exposures are perceived to be across five domains (health, financial, residential, relationship and caregiving). Data come from 4,912 adults ages 56+ from the 2016 Health and Retirement Venus Blood Study. Black older adults are more exposed to chronic stressors than white older adults and are more likely to rate health, financial, and housing stressors as upsetting. White older adults are more likely to rate relationship and caregiving stressors as upsetting. Stratified models show greater exposure to stressors and appraising stressors as upsetting are associated with increased bioage and inflammation for White older adults. For Black older adults, exposure and appraisal was not predictive of bioage or inflammation. Domain specific analyses show exposure to health, financial and housing strain drives the association between stress, bioage and inflammation among White older adults. For Black older adults only health problems are associated with increased bioage and inflammation. Findings suggest exposure and appraisal have varying consequences for biological health. Black older adults continue to demonstrate remarkable fortitude in the face of chronic stressors. Alternatively, our data may not capture the stress process for Black older adults, suggesting we need to recalibrate our measures to include culturally relevant approaches to measuring stress and bioage.