Patient and Caregiver Experiences of Navigating the “Seesaw” of Hospice Live Discharge

TL;DR

The study explores how patients and caregivers experience the challenges of being discharged from hospice care while still alive, highlighting the emotional and practical impacts of this transition.

Contribution

This study provides new qualitative insights into patient and caregiver experiences with hospice live discharge, focusing on the emotional and practical challenges of navigating this transition.

Findings

Caregivers expressed uncertainty about the reasons for hospice live discharge despite ongoing patient needs.

Many participants found live discharge incongruent with their care goals and questioned future hospice re-enrollment.

The study highlights the need for better support systems to assist patients and caregivers during hospice transitions.

Abstract

The receipt of quality hospice care may prompt changes in patient eligibility under Medicare’s prognostic requirement of 6 months or less. In 2022, 224,900 hospice beneficiaries across the United States were discharged alive from hospice care, with 6.1% discharged due to “no longer being terminally ill.” This critical care transition is associated with losing important hospice-based supports and questions if to re-enroll back onto hospice care. Previous research is limited on how patients and caregivers navigate countervailing positive and negative reactions that shape this phenomenon. The current study aimed to address this gap by exploring the experience of service coordination and potential impacts to quality-of-life post-discharge. With a purposive sample of 32 patient-caregiver dyads, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were analyzed via thematic analysis. Results were characterized by navigating a process of ups and downs with varying questions about whether the patient was maintaining eligibility, akin to a seesaw. Specifically, caregivers described an uncertainty regarding how hospice patients managed to “get better” to warrant discharge, when their needs for assistance remained the same. Other caregivers cast doubt on if discharge was necessary or even appropriate. Whereas nearly half of participants referred to live discharge as incongruent with their goals for care, the experiences associated with navigating live discharge (both positive and negative) led others to question if they would want the patient to re-enroll in hospice in the future. These results suggest a need to develop and examine robust services to support patient and caregiver transitions from hospice care.