# HETEROGENEITY IN HUMAN IMMUNE AGING AND VACCINE RESPONSES

## TL;DR

This paper explores how aging affects immune responses in older adults and identifies factors that influence vaccine effectiveness.

## Contribution

The study reveals novel genomic markers and immune cell signatures linked to immune aging and vaccine responsiveness in older adults.

## Key findings

- Transcriptomic and epigenomic signatures of immune aging were identified in PBMCs.
- Predictive genomic markers for pneumococcal and influenza vaccine responses in older adults were discovered.
- Elevated CD16+ NK cells correlate with poor antibody responses to pneumococcal vaccines, indicating a regulatory axis involving NK and T helper cells.

## Abstract

Aging increases the risk for morbidity and mortality from severe infections and reduces vaccine responses, particularly among older adults. While we know how aging affects immune cells, the heterogeneity among older adults both in terms of immune aging and immune responsiveness to vaccination are less understood. The overarching goal of my laboratory is to uncover the drivers of this heterogeneity, with the ultimate aim of improving immune resilience in older adults. We have identified transcriptomic and epigenomic signatures of immune aging in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and discovered predictive genomic markers of vaccine responsiveness to pneumococcal and influenza vaccines in older adults. We recently showed that elevated frequencies of cytotoxic CD16+ NK cells in older adults are associated with poor antibody responses to T cell-dependent pneumococcal vaccination, suggesting a novel NK and T helper regulatory axis in immune aging.