# Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in metabolic bone diseases, including osteoporosis

## TL;DR

This review explores how endocrine-disrupting chemicals affect bone health, especially during early development, and contribute to diseases like osteoporosis.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive review of the mechanisms by which endocrine-disrupting chemicals impact bone tissue and metabolism.

## Key findings

- Endocrine disruptors bind to receptors and interfere with hormonal regulation and calcium metabolism in bones.
- Exposure to these chemicals during prenatal and early postnatal stages increases bone sensitivity.
- These chemicals can impair bone formation and skeletal development.

## Abstract

Endocrine disruptors are chemical substances widely utilized across various industrial sectors. Due to their structural similarity to natural ligands, they bind to receptors and influence the endocrine system via agonist–antagonist mechanisms. Exposure occurs through the consumption of contaminated food and water, inhalation of polluted air and dust, and dermal contact. Owing to their dynamic remodeling capacity, bones represent potential targets for endocrine-disrupting chemicals. These chemicals can disrupt bone formation, skeletal development, hormonal regulation, and calcium metabolism. Sensitivity to endocrine-disrupting chemicals is greatest during the prenatal and early postnatal periods. This review summarizes the effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals on bone tissue.