# Attitude, self-efficacy, and perceived risk toward seasonal influenza vaccination among primary care physicians in Qatar: A cross-sectional study

## TL;DR

This study explores how primary care physicians in Qatar view influenza vaccination, including their attitudes, self-efficacy, and perceived risks.

## Contribution

The study identifies factors influencing vaccination self-efficacy and risk perception among PCPs, revealing gaps between professional and personal risk awareness.

## Key findings

- Self-efficacy for vaccination is strongly linked to time availability, institutional vaccine provision, and social support.
- Physicians with prior vaccination history or recent vaccination report higher self-efficacy and perceived risk.
- There is a significant gap between acknowledging patient risk and perceiving personal risk among PCPs.

## Abstract

Primary care physicians (PCPs) play a critical role in influencing vaccination decisions, both for their patients and for themselves. However, the success of vaccination programs often depends on the attitudes, perceived risks, and self-efficacy Of PCPs. A cross-sectional study examined influenza-related attitude, self-efficacy, and perceived risk among 190 primary health care physicians using an online survey, 46% of participants believed healthcare professionals do not pose influenza transmission risks to patients. Self-efficacy for vaccination was strongly tied to time availability (73.7% agreement) and institutional vaccine provision (78.9%), with social support from colleagues (79.5%) and relatives (68.9%) further influencing adherence. Male physicians (87.5%) and those with ≥5 prior vaccine doses (88.6%) or recent vaccination (87.3%) reported higher self-efficacy, though chronic disease history showed no significant association. Risk perception disparities emerged: 94.2% acknowledged elevated occupational risk during epidemics, yet only 62.1% perceived personal risk. Similarly, 86.3% viewed influenza as dangerous for patients versus 64.2% for themselves. Higher perceived risk scores correlated with chronic disease history (84.5%), prior vaccination (81.1%), recent vaccination (82.8%), and ≥5 vaccine doses (85.0%). Information sources prioritized official health agencies (Ministry of Public Health: 59.5%; WHO/CDC: 56.3%), while traditional media were least utilized (7.9–21.1%). These findings highlight gaps between professional risk acknowledgment and personal risk mitigation, underscoring the need for targeted strategies to address vaccine hesitancy, improve access, and align perceptions with evidence-based practices in healthcare settings.