# Clinical‐year veterinary students are most likely to be confident and competent in calving procedures after blending simulator practicals with videos

## TL;DR

Fourth-year veterinary students who combined simulator practice with videos were most confident and skilled in calving procedures compared to other teaching methods.

## Contribution

Blending simulator practicals with videos most effectively boosts student confidence and competence in calving procedures.

## Key findings

- Students using CAL&SIM had highest confidence scores and OSCE pass rates.
- Practical exposure (SIM or CAL&SIM) was needed for higher confidence compared to lectures or videos alone.
- Blended CAL&SIM had the highest odds of confidence and OSCE success.

## Abstract

Veterinary students require safer practice of calving scenarios; however, the effects of a high‐fidelity calving simulator (SIM) practical and/or videos (computer‐assisted learning [CAL]) on student calving confidence (CONF) and competence (COMP) are unknown.

Fourth‐year veterinary students received no teaching beyond previous lectures (LEC, n = 60), CAL (n = 59), SIM (n = 96) or CAL&SIM (n = 85). Students scored their CONF in 13 individual calving tasks before and after teaching delivery and were subsequently skill tested by internal (faculty) or external/peer/technical OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) assessors (non‐faculty).

Higher cumulative CONF scores required practical exposure (SIM 42.3 [95% confidence interval, CI 40.9–43.8], CAL&SIM 44.3 [95% CI 42.8–45.7] vs. LEC 33.3 [95% CI 31.2–35.5] and CAL 35.4 [95% CI 33.5–37.4]; p < 0.05), while videos already improved the OSCE pass rate (CAL 73%, SIM 84%, CAL&SIM 87% vs. LEC 40%; p < 0.05).

Blending CAL&SIM achieved the highest odds of students being ‘confident/very confident’ (odds ratio [OR] 18.5, p < 0.001) and passing the OSCE (OR 11.8, p < 0.001) with smaller positive effects of experience and baseline confidence on CONF or non‐faculty assessors on COMP (OR 2‒4, p < 0.01).

Benefits of improved student CONF and COMP in real‐life calving scenarios are likely but unknown.

Best preparation for managing calving scenarios is blending simulator videos with the practical.