# Comparison of Different Encapsulation Techniques in Exosomes Obtained from Goat and Bovine Milk

## TL;DR

This study compares exosome isolation and bioactive molecule encapsulation from goat and cow milk, finding both effective for delivering compounds into cells.

## Contribution

Demonstrates goat milk exosomes as a viable alternative to cow milk for encapsulating and delivering bioactive molecules.

## Key findings

- Exosomes from goat and cow milk showed similar sizes based on DLS analysis.
- All four methods effectively loaded Moringa oleifera chitin-binding protein into exosomes.
- Freeze–thaw and sonication methods showed better cell uptake in HepG2 cells.

## Abstract

Exosomes are the
smallest extracellular vesicles and can transport
several molecules between cells. Mammalian milk is a significant source
of exosomes. The aim of this study was to isolate exosomes from goat
milk (GM) and cow milk (CM) to compare their properties and their
capacities for loading with bioactive compounds. Exosomes were purified
by differential ultracentrifugation and morphologically characterized
by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering
(DLS). Moringa oleiferachitin-binding
protein (Mo-CBP3) conjugated with FITC
was charged into the vesicles by four different active methods: (1)
electroporation, (2) sonication, (3) freeze–thaw cycles, and
(4) incubation at room temperature in the presence of saponin. DLS
analysis showed no significant difference between the diameters of
the two exosome species. All methods of protein charging were effective.
The in vitro cell assay also confirmed successful
endocytosis of exosomes from both species by HepG2 cells, particularly
those loaded using the freeze–thaw cycle and sonication methods.
Goat milk is a viable alternative for encapsulating and delivering
bioactive molecules.