# Preterm birth: associated risk factors in the tertiary care center

## TL;DR

This study identifies risk factors for preterm birth in a hospital in Karnataka, India, and suggests ways to reduce its prevalence.

## Contribution

The study provides insights into both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors for preterm labor in a specific geographic and healthcare context.

## Key findings

- The prevalence of preterm labor was 14.86% among 2402 deliveries.
- Risk factors included age, education, occupation, and medical conditions like pregnancy-induced hypertension.
- Modifiable factors can be controlled to reduce preterm labor rates.

## Abstract

The study aimed at identifying the prevalence of preterm labor and the associated risk factors.

A quantitative approach using a retrospective case-control study.

Tertiary care hospital of Udupi district Karnataka.

Women delivered in tertiary care Hospital of Udupi district, Karnataka, were the sample; among them, the cases (250) were the records of the women who had delivered before 37 weeks of gestation, and controls (500) were the records of women who delivered after 37 weeks of gestation and without any complications.

The study was conducted using a retrospective case-control design by reviewing the case records of women who had delivered in a tertiary care hospital.

Women delivered in tertiary care Hospital of Udupi district, Karnataka, and their inpatient records were assessed for risk factors during the antenatal and delivery periods.

The study revealed that the prevalence of preterm labor was 356 (14.86%) Out of 2402 deliveries. Among them, only 250 were assessed. It was significantly correlated with age, place of residence, degree of education, occupation, marital status, gravid para, number of deliveries, type of deliveries, gap between births, blood type, and religion. Pregnant women who had been exposed or had a risk for preterm labor included those who had been diagnosed with pregnancy-induced hypertension, medication during pregnancy, history of abortion, intense physical labor, and conception dates older than 30 years.

The preterm labor prevalence can be minimized if the modifiable risk factors are in control. Non-modifiable risk factors require keen supervision. Thus, health professionals must be alert to all modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors.