# Health Misinformation in Ethiopia: Myths, Media Dynamics, Public Response, and Policy Implications: A Narrative Review

## TL;DR

This paper reviews health misinformation in Ethiopia, its causes, effects on public health, and strategies to combat it.

## Contribution

A narrative review synthesizing evidence on health misinformation in Ethiopia and proposing actionable communication strategies.

## Key findings

- Misinformation about vaccines, traditional remedies, and diseases spreads rapidly via social media and oral traditions.
- Health misinformation leads to reduced immunization uptake, delayed treatment, and stigma.
- Community health workers and youth-led campaigns effectively counter misinformation.

## Abstract

Health misinformation in Ethiopia undermines public trust and weakens the effectiveness of health interventions. Cultural beliefs, religious influences, and the expansion of digital media contribute to myths that fuel vaccine hesitancy, stigma, and delayed health‐seeking behavior.

To synthesize evidence on the scope, drivers, and impacts of health misinformation in Ethiopia and to highlight actionable strategies for improving public health communication.

A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and African Journals Online, supplemented with grey literature from the Ministry of Health, World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and Regional fact checking organizations. Sources published between 2010 and 2025 that addressing misinformation, communication channels, or public responses in Ethiopia were included. Findings were summarized using descriptive narrative synthesis.

Misconceptions related to traditional remedies, vaccine safety, COVID‐19 cures, and modern contraceptives are widespread. Narratives spread rapidly across social media, particularly Facebook and Telegram, whereas oral traditions reinforce misinformation in rural communities. These Documented impacts include reduced uptake of immunization and maternal services, delayed treatment for diseases such as TB and HIV, and persistent stigma. Interventions involving community health workers, religious leaders, and youth‐led campaigns have proven effective in countering misinformation.

Health misinformation remains a significant barrier to Ethiopia's health targets. Strengthening media literacy, engaging trusted community actors, and building partnerships between government, civil society, and digital platforms are crucial to mitigate health misinformation and improve public health outcomes.