# A Review of Mechanisms Underlying Modulation of Cardiorespiratory Endurance and Psychological Stress in College Students by High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) Combined with B-Vitamin Supplementation

## TL;DR

This review explores how combining high-intensity interval training with B-vitamin supplementation may improve fitness and reduce stress in college students.

## Contribution

The paper proposes a novel theoretical model of synergistic effects between HIIT and B-vitamins on health outcomes.

## Key findings

- HIIT improves VO2max, mitochondrial efficiency, and HPA-axis stability.
- B-vitamins support energy metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and oxidative stress control.
- The combination may enhance endurance and psychological well-being through metabolic and neuroendocrine pathways.

## Abstract

University students commonly experience reduced cardiorespiratory fitness and elevated psychological stress due to sedentary lifestyles and academic pressure. Although high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and B-vitamin supplementation are individually known to enhance physiological and psychological health, their combined effects remain underexplored. This systematically guided narrative review synthesizes current evidence on how HIIT and B-vitamin supplementation may interact to influence aerobic capacity, metabolic regulation, and stress resilience. Existing studies demonstrate that HIIT improves VO2max, mitochondrial efficiency, and HPA-axis stability, while B-vitamins facilitate energy metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and oxidative stress control. Together, these mechanisms suggest a potential synergistic interaction that enhances endurance and psychological well-being through coordinated metabolic and neuroendocrine pathways. However, this synergy remains a theoretical model requiring empirical validation through controlled trials. The findings highlight the importance of integrated exercise–nutrition strategies in promoting health and resilience among college populations.