# The Need for and Importance of Thorough and Comprehensive Studies on the Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Animal Toxins, Venoms, and Antivenoms

**Authors:** R. Manjunatha Kini, Yuri N. Utkin

PMC · DOI: 10.3390/ijms262211007 · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2025-11-13

## Full-text entities

- **Genes:** PLA2G1B (phospholipase A2 group IB) [NCBI Gene 5319] {aka PLA2, PLA2A, PPLA2}
- **Diseases:** cancer (MESH:D009369), neurotoxicity (MESH:D020258), inflammation (MESH:D007249), injury to (MESH:D014947), pain (MESH:D010146), stroke (MESH:D020521), blood coagulation (MESH:D001778), cardiovascular diseases (MESH:D002318), myocardial infarction (MESH:D009203), Blood clotting disorders (MESH:D013927), death (MESH:D003643), intravascular coagulation (MESH:D004211)
- **Chemicals:** TTX (MESH:D013779), captopril (MESH:D002216), carbohydrates (MESH:D002241), lipid (MESH:D008055)
- **Species:** Serpentes (snakes, infraorder) [taxon 8570], Agaricus bisporus (common mushroom, species) [taxon 5341], Scorpiones (scorpions, order) [taxon 6855], Bothrops jararaca (jararaca, species) [taxon 8724], Homo sapiens (human, species) [taxon 9606], Apis mellifera (bee, species) [taxon 7460]

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## References

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Source: https://tomesphere.com/paper/PMC12652631