# Toward a Multi-Trait Genetic Panel Targeting Training, Rehabilitation, and Chronic Disease Prevention: A Narrative Review

## TL;DR

This review explores how genetic factors influence athletic performance and health, suggesting personalized training and disease prevention based on genetic insights.

## Contribution

The paper compiles polymorphic genes linked to endurance, power, strength, injury, and chronic disease for multi-trait genetic panel development.

## Key findings

- Genes like ACE and PPARGC1A influence endurance performance through mitochondrial and oxygen regulation.
- ACTN3 and IGF1 are associated with power performance via anaerobic metabolism and muscle fiber recruitment.
- Genetic markers like FTO and PPARG are linked to chronic metabolic disease risk and can inform exercise interventions.

## Abstract

Athletic performance results from complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. This review compiles and synthesizes available literature on polymorphic genes associated with endurance, power, and strength performance, as well as their links to injury susceptibility and chronic metabolic diseases. Endurance performance is modulated by ACE, PPARGC1A, HFE, UCP2, UCP3, CDKN1A, and PPARA, regulating mitochondrial biogenesis, oxygen utilization, and muscle fiber composition. Power performance involves ACTN3, MCT1, IGF1, AMPD1, AGT, and AGTR2, affecting anaerobic metabolism, lactate clearance, and fast-twitch fiber recruitment. Strength performance is influenced by AR, PPARG, ARK2N, MMS22L, LRPPRC, PHACTR1, and MTHFR, related to androgen signaling, muscle hypertrophy, and recovery. Injury-related genes (COL1A1, COL5A1, IL6, VEGFA, NOG) and metabolic risk genes (FTO, PPARG, ADRB3) further highlight the clinical relevance of genomics. Collectively, these insights support the application of genetic information to personalize training, enhance performance, prevent injuries, and guide exercise interventions to mitigate metabolic disease risk.