# Pharmacogenetic Analysis of TPMT and NUDT15 in a European Pediatric Cohort with IBD and Autoimmune Diseases: Frequency Data and Clinical Relevance

## TL;DR

This study examines how genetic variations in TPMT and NUDT15 affect thiopurine treatment in children with IBD and autoimmune diseases, highlighting the need for personalized medicine.

## Contribution

The study provides new frequency data for TPMT and NUDT15 variants in a European pediatric cohort and evaluates their clinical impact.

## Key findings

- TPMT and NUDT15 variant frequencies were higher than expected in the cohort.
- TPMT variant carriers required dose adjustments or treatment discontinuation due to adverse effects.
- NUDT15 *1/*9 carriers did not show significant differences in adverse reactions compared to wild-type patients.

## Abstract

Background/Objectives: Thiopurines remain a cornerstone in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and gastrointestinal immune diseases but are associated with significant interindividual variability in efficacy and toxicity, mainly influenced by polymorphisms in Thiopurine S-methyltransferase TPMT and Nudix Hydrolase 15 NUDT15. This study aimed to assess the frequency of TPMT and NUDT15 variants in a pediatric cohort and evaluate their clinical impact to support a pharmacogenetic-guided approach to thiopurine therapy. Methods: Eighty-three pediatric patients with IBD and other autoimmune diseases were genotyped for clinically relevant TPMT and NUDT15 variants using two HRM-PCR assays and were confirmed with sequencing. Variant frequencies were compared to expected population data, and clinical records were reviewed to assess thiopurine dosing, tolerance, and adverse events. Results: Among the cohort, six carried heterozygous TPMT variants *1/*3A, while 2 carried the NUDT15 *1/*9 diplotype, with frequencies higher than expected. Among patients with TPMT variant alleles, some needed dose reductions or treatment discontinuation due to adverse effects, while others tolerated standard dosing without significant issues. Notably, no significant differences in adverse reactions were observed between NUDT15 *1/*9 carriers and wild-type patients. Conclusions: Our results confirm the clinical relevance of TPMT and NUDT15 genotyping to personalize thiopurine therapy in pediatric IBD. Routine implementation of rapid genetic testing, combined with therapeutic drug monitoring and a structured management algorithm, may optimize treatment outcomes and minimize preventable toxicity.