# The Emerging Role of FAM171A2 in Gynecological Malignancies: Bioinformatic Insights from UCEC and Ovarian Cancer

## TL;DR

This study explores the role of the FAM171A2 gene in gynecological cancers, finding it is upregulated in ovarian cancer and influenced by various microRNAs and lncRNAs.

## Contribution

This is the first systematic study to assess FAM171A2's expression, clinical relevance, and molecular interactions in gynecologic malignancies.

## Key findings

- FAM171A2 mRNA is upregulated in ovarian cancer but not significantly in UCEC compared to normal tissues.
- Post-transcriptional regulation of FAM171A2 involves multiple microRNAs and lncRNAs in a tumor-type-specific manner.
- STRING analysis suggests FAM171A2 is linked to neuronal and immune pathways, indicating potential as a molecular hub.

## Abstract

The FAM171A2 gene encodes a transmembrane protein that is not well characterized but is implicated in signaling, vesicle trafficking, and interactions with the extracellular matrix. Its specific role in gynecologic malignancies has yet to be defined. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic study to comprehensively assess FAM171A2 expression, clinical relevance, and molecular network interactions in gynecologic malignancies. We employed an integrative approach utilizing multi-platform transcriptomic and proteomic resources—GEPIA2, TNMplot, TIMER2, UALCAN, KM-plotter, Human Protein Atlas (HPA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), STRING, TargetScan, and ENCORI—to comprehensively profile FAM171A2 expression, its clinicopathologic correlations, survival associations, predicted interaction networks, and post-transcriptional regulation in ovarian cancer (OV) and uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC). Immunohistochemical analysis from the HPA indicated low or undetectable levels of the FAM171A2 protein in OV and UCEC. In contrast, RNA sequencing analyses demonstrated upregulated mRNA expression in OV and a modest, non-significant increase in UCEC compared to normal tissues. Pan-cancer screening using TNMplot and TIMER2 revealed elevated expression in gynecologic tumors relative to most other cancer types. In OV, UALCAN analysis identified associations with demographic and molecular characteristics, such as increased expression in TP53-mutant tumors, while trends related to stage and grade were minimal. Similarly, stratifications in UCEC suggested modulation by race, body mass index (BMI), and menopausal status rather than stage. Survival analyses using KM-plotter showed no significant association with overall survival in either type of cancer. TargetScan predicted 211 microRNAs potentially targeting FAM171A2, and ENCORI correlations supported tumor-type-specific post-transcriptional regulation: in OV, negative correlations were observed with miR-15b-5p, miR-16-5p, and miR-497-5p, along with long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) effects, including positive correlations with BACE1-AS and negative correlations with PVT1 and UCA1. In UCEC, significant negative correlations were found with LINC00582, LINC-ROR, MEG3, NEAT1, and SNHG12. STRING network analysis suggested two modules associated with FAM171A2: a neuronal/synaptic cluster, exemplified by NPTX1, and an immune/transcriptional cluster, exemplified by ZNF696. Validation using the GEO showed mixed results: two UCEC datasets were non-significant, whereas one OV cohort (GSE36368) exhibited higher tumor expression. FAM171A2 demonstrates context-dependent expressions that are modulated post-transcriptionally in gynecologic cancers. While it is not independently prognostic, it may serve as a molecular hub at the intersection of neuronal and immune pathways, warranting further mechanistic investigations and exploration as a panel-based biomarker.