# Application of Electromigration Techniques in Clinical Bioanalysis of Heteroatom-Containing Agents

## TL;DR

This paper explores how capillary electrophoresis techniques can efficiently and cost-effectively analyze small molecules in body fluids for clinical and research purposes.

## Contribution

The paper highlights recent advancements in CE methodologies for identifying biomarkers in clinical bioanalysis.

## Key findings

- Capillary electrophoresis techniques offer efficient and cost-effective analysis of small molecules in biological fluids.
- CE-based methods are effective for identifying amino acids and their metabolites as potential biomarkers.
- Recent advancements in CE have improved sensitivity and selectivity in bioanalytical applications.

## Abstract

The bioanalysis of body fluids plays a crucial role in clinical diagnostics, pharmaceutical research, forensic science, and biomarker discovery. Traditional chromatographic techniques are widely used in clinical laboratories but are often costly and time-consuming. Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and its modifications, such as capillary zone electrophoresis, isotachophoresis, and micellar electrokinetic chromatography, have emerged as efficient, cost-effective, and miniaturized alternatives for analyzing small organic and inorganic molecules in biological fluids. This paper deals with the applications of CE-based electromigration techniques in the determination of various analytes in urine, blood, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluid. The study further discusses the advantages and limitations of different detection methods, including ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, laser-induced fluorescence, mass spectrometry, conductivity, and amperometric detection. A focus is given to the identification and quantification of amino acids and their metabolites as potential biomarkers for metabolic and degenerative disorders. The work highlights recent advancements in CE methodologies and their potential to enhance sensitivity and selectivity in bioanalytical applications.