# Climate Change and Air Pollution-Related Health Effects on Pain

## TL;DR

This review examines how climate change and air pollution affect various types of pain, highlighting their impact on conditions like arthritis, headaches, and menstrual cramps.

## Contribution

The paper provides a comprehensive review of recent evidence linking climate-related factors and air pollution to diverse pain conditions.

## Key findings

- Higher humidity may worsen knee osteoarthritis pain, while temperature extremes increase gout arthritis risk.
- Headaches and migraines are more frequent during heat waves and in areas with high air pollution.
- Air pollution is linked to increased dysmenorrhea risk, and temperature extremes correlate with chest pain in some patients.

## Abstract

Climate change-related weather extremes and air pollution have wide-ranging health effects, with emerging evidence suggesting a potential influence on pain. This narrative review explores the relationship between climate-related weather parameters/air pollution with pain across various conditions, including chronic and acute musculoskeletal pain, postoperative pain, headache/migraine, dysmenorrhea, and chest pain. Included studies were published in 2014 or later. Findings indicate that higher humidity/dampness may exacerbate pain in individuals with knee osteoarthritis, while extremes in temperature and humidity are linked to a higher risk of gout arthritis attacks. No clinically meaningful associations were found between weather parameters and acute low-back pain. However, lower barometric pressure, elevated temperatures, and possibly higher humidity may influence postoperative pain levels. Headache and migraine episodes were more frequent during heat waves and periods of high humidity or rainfall, as well as in areas with elevated traffic-related air pollutants and particulate matter. Air pollution exposure was also associated with increased risk of dysmenorrhea, while lower temperatures and higher humidity correlated with more severe menstrual cramps. Temperature extremes were linked to chest pain in patients with asthma and other conditions. Overall, this review highlights the disproportionate pain-related burden of climate change and air pollution on women and emphasizes the need for further research.