# Clinical Profiles and Mortality-Associated Risk Factors in Patients with Acute Kidney Injury from Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico

## TL;DR

This study identifies clinical and lab factors linked to mortality in acute kidney injury patients in Mexico, emphasizing inflammation and metabolic changes.

## Contribution

The study provides new insights into mortality risk factors for AKI patients, including the role of inflammation and polypharmacy.

## Key findings

- Elevated inflammatory indices like NLR, MLR, and PLR were observed in AKI patients.
- Multivariable analysis identified COVID-19, thrombocytopenia, low eosinophils, and polypharmacy as mortality predictors.
- Hematological profiles showed myeloid predominance and reduced lymphocyte and erythrocyte counts.

## Abstract

Background: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is characterized by rising morbidity and mortality rates, along with significant financial costs associated with its treatment, positioning it as a priority health challenge. Difficult access to accurate biomarkers for renal dysfunction poses challenges in identifying high-risk patients prone to progression to severe AKI. Therefore, this study aimed to identify clinical and laboratory variables that could contribute to future risk stratification approaches in AKI. Methods: This observational retrospective study included 106 patients diagnosed with AKI who were admitted to the emergency department of the HGZ05-IMSS Hospital between January 2020 and July 2023. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify clinical and laboratory factors associated with in-hospital mortality. Results: Patients with AKI exhibited elevated inflammatory indices (NLR, MLR, and PLR), increased levels of glucose, urea, and C-reactive protein (CRP), and reduced lymphocyte counts, serum albumin, FiO2, and BUN/creatinine (BCR) ratio. The hematological profile showed myeloid predominance, characterized by neutrophilia and lower eosinophil, erythrocyte, and monocyte counts, consistent with systemic inflammation. Multivariable analysis identified COVID-19 infection, thrombocytopenia, low eosinophil levels, and polypharmacy as independent predictors of mortality in AKI patients. Conclusions: These findings underscore the interplay between inflammatory, metabolic, and hematological alterations in AKI and highlight key prognostic factors that may contribute to future risk stratification.